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Web Page Download Time
In the ocean ofWeb data,Web search engines are the primary way to access content. As the data is on the order of petabytes, current search engines are very large centralized systems based on replicated  clusters. Web data, however, is always evolving. The number of Web sites continues to grow rapidly and there are currently more than 20 billion indexed pages. In the near future, centralized systems are likely to become ineffective against such a load, thus suggesting the need of fully distributed search engines. Such engines need to achieve the following goals: high quality answers, fast response time, high query throughput, and scalability. In this paper we survey and organize recent research results, outlining the main challenges of designing a distributed Web retrieval system.

Downloads

Download Images

The last component, called Content Download, is a little different from the first five. It lumps into one number the cumulative time for downloading all the embedded objects (such as images) on the page. This process may actually include all five of the previous component types, for each of the embedded Web objects. For example, one of our test pages includes 64 images, so the Content Download component for that page includes the total time required for DNS Lookup, TCP Connection, First Packet Download, and download of additional packets for all 64 images.

Page Download B2B

However, if we assume a user with a high-speed connection and a site whose servers are not overloaded — as is typical of a business to business (“B2B”) interaction — then only two significant factors remain: site design and Internet latency between the client and the server [Sper1995] [Heid1997] [Touc1998]. In this paper we analyze measurement data based on test pages to explore various relationships between Web page design and page download time. Concentrating on information about the page and measures of Internet round trip time, we develop several specialized formulae to predict typical page download times in a B2B environment.

After some introductory discussion of Web download components and experimental setup, the first part of this paper identifies packet count, rather than page size, as the crucial predictor of download time. We indicate how to calculate packet count in the absence of packet sniffer software. Next, we explore page download time as a function of page size, in a single-threaded environment. Here we build two different  linear models to understand the bulk of page download for simple test pages.

On the Internet, all information is carried in packets. Network transfer times are not affected by the type of content being transmitted in those packets, but they are strongly influenced by the number of packets, and possibly even by their sizes. Also, the time required to set up a flow of packets is much larger than the amount of time between successive packets in a single connection. The basic performance principle is  therefore to make fewer requests and transmit fewer packets. From this principle, we can derive two basic design rules for wellperforming Web pages. First, reduce the overall size of the page, thereby reducing  the number of bytes (and packets) to be transferred over the Internet. Second, limit the number of embedded objects on the page, such as images, each of which must be requested and transferred separately  from server to browser.

HTML Download

The First Packet Download is the time between the completion of the TCP connection with the destination server and the reception of the first HTML packet for the base page. It includes the client HTTP request  and server HTTP response time. In addition to reflecting Internet latency, this measurement can also be an indicator of server performance and could differentiate between HTTP Performance and TCP stack  speed.
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